Message on the topic of skiing in obzh. Please! Features of the movement of tourists-skiers on the route and the mode of the hike. Basic movements in the practice of ski tourism

Widely popular. This is evidenced by the filled-to-capacity trains and tourist centers on winter weekends. This is also evidenced by the endless ski tracks trailing hundreds of tourist groups of strong and persistent people with backpacks. Ski tourism is a type of tourism where skis are the means of transportation.

Ski tourism serves people

Skis serve people well for many centuries now. This is evidenced by ancient images of skiers that were discovered on the coastal cliff of the White Sea. These petroglyphs, according to scientists, date back to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The messages and chronicles of Ancient Rus' also indicate that the Slavic tribes who lived on its territory also used skis. Thus, the Kiev Metropolitan Nikifor eight hundred years ago wrote about Prince Vladimir Monomakh:

“...he who sleeps more on the bare ground, and runs around the heights of the house - wears the orphan’s clothes and shoes, and jumps on skis” (the prince sleeps, they say, on the bare ground, avoids the rich, wears simple shoes and clothes, goes on skis ).

Over the entire history of development, skis, of course, have undergone significant changes, and the range of their applied functions has narrowed. At the same time, their share in sports, tourism, mass active winter recreation.

Equipment for a skier-tourist

To the basic requirements for equipment of a skier-tourist relate:

maximum lightness,
ease of use,
durability and convenience,
wind and moisture resistance,
ability to retain maximum heat at subzero temperatures.

Clothes of a skier-tourist

Clothes of a skier-tourist should consist of:

thermal underwear,
wool tracksuit,
wool and cotton socks,
long warm sweater with a high neck,
1-2 woolen hats (balaclava),
woolen and special mittens with gauntlets.

Tourist ski shoes

Much attention is paid tourist ski shoes. Boots must be worn in, soaked in a special ointment (silicone cream), and have a wide welt. To protect them from getting wet and your feet from the cold, shoe covers made of any dense material are used. The simplest design of shoe covers is a bag sewn to the size of the boot to the knee or slightly higher.

Correctly selected ski equipment is the key to a successful ski trip.

Personal equipment of a skier-tourist

Rest personal equipment of a skier-tourist located in the backpack:

a padded jacket or down jacket and a fur hat are placed on top so that they can be quickly taken out at a rest stop,
additional wool suit and socks - in a separate waterproof bag,
other things are selected in the same way as for a hiking trip.

Hiking skis should be somewhat shorter than cross-country skis and of good quality. Before going on a trip, the sliding surface must be lubricated with a special ski lubricant. The loops on the sticks need to be strengthened and the rings strengthened. Beginner groups should take a spare ski.

Group ski touring equipment

Group equipment for ski tourism so specific that you have to make it yourself. This applies to tents, stoves, group sleeping bags, drag sleighs, etc. Special books and brochures for tourists are devoted to their design and features. They should be carefully studied when planning an overnight ski trip in the field.

Basic movements in the practice of ski tourism

From main movements in the practice of ski tourism The following are used with a backpack:

on flat terrain and areas with weakly defined hills, they walk in alternating four-step steps,
on gentler slopes you need to use ridge or stepless moves,
if the climbs are steeper, use a stepped step, moving in a “ladder”, “herringbone”, or “half herringbone”.

Most tourists are well familiar with the listed technical techniques. You need to pay more attention to the descents, as most injuries occur there. During training sessions, you need to practice the “half-plow”, “plough” braking technique using ski poles. You also need to be able to fall correctly. To do this, you need to squat low, fall on your side, straighten up and, placing your skis across the slope, slow down until you stop.

Skiing tactics

Skiing tactics, in particular a day's march, is determined by the assigned tasks, natural obstacles, weather conditions and the condition of the participants. General tactical rules include the following:

technically difficult areas must be passed in the first half of the day, avalanche areas - in the early morning;
daily walking time should not exceed 7, and for beginner tourists 5 hours;
the mode and pace of movement should be uniform, with a reduction in the duration of transitions in the afternoon;
a hot lunch (at least tea) and rest in the middle of the day are required;
when moving, the body must not be overheated or hypothermic;
Constant mutual monitoring of the physical condition of the participants in the hike should be organized;
do not allow the group to stretch significantly; in case of poor visibility, reduce the pace and interval between participants;
If the weather seriously deteriorates, stop moving and organize a halt.

Caution is the most important thing when skiing.

Rules for orienteering in ski tourism

Rules for orienteering in ski tourism peculiar in winter conditions. Many landmarks (lakes, streams, swamps, trails and roads) are hidden under snow or are similar to each other and have their own characteristics. Do not try to determine the sides of the horizon by local objects and signs; it is better to rely on map and. The ability to move in azimuth, time movement, and determine distances traveled by time and speed will be very useful. From time to time you should check the correct direction by taking a reverse azimuth to the ski track.

Safety rules for ski tourism

In ski tourism everything must be strictly followed safety regulations to avoid getting into a difficult situation:

One of the main rules is discipline, consciousness and mutual assistance among all participants in the hike.
The group of tourists must be carefully staffed, everyone must have good

Help please! Features of the movement of tourists-skiers on the route and the mode of the hike.

Preparing for a ski trip Be sure to take 1-3 pairs of felt boots with you, depending on the number of people in the group. Felt boots will be needed for kitchen and campfire work at a rest stop, and also as spare shoes in case of damage to ski boots. Their size should be designed for the largest foot in the group. Have a set of ski waxes, paraffin for all types of winter weather (including thaw), plugs for rubbing them, grease for impregnating shoes and spare bindings. It is also recommended to take one or two spare skis with you. For more complex ski trips, you will need a special (double-layer) tent and a portable stove. Before going on a hike, treat your backpack, tent, clothes, and shoes with water-repellent agents to protect them from dirt and water. If the route goes through places where there are a lot of blood-sucking insects, then saturate your tent and clothes with repellents. The shoes are soaked in grease and, if necessary, stretched over the leg. To do this, you need to keep the boots in hot water (50-55 degrees) for ten minutes. Having taken the boots out of the water, insert insoles into them and put them on your feet while hot (with one or two pairs of thick woolen socks). After walking around in the boots for an hour or two, they are removed, stuffed with paper and lubricated. Shoes are impregnated with slight heating. For a ski trip, tourists should have the following: Personal equipment: Insulated padding jacket (2 or 3 layers) Anorak Trousers (light, windproof, durable), insulated pants. Ski cap Balaclava Sweater (wool, polar ) Turtleneck or vest (woolen) - 2 pieces Thermal underwear Hiking boots (hard sole, toe and heel, soaked in cream) Woolen, cotton socks, 3-4 pairs each. Windproof mask, handkerchief. Ski boots with felt insoles inside. Two sizes larger than regular shoes. Flashlights to protect boots. Gloves, mittens. Thermos 0.5-1 liter. Toiletries. Bowl, spoon, mug (see “Cutware for camping”). Skis, poles. Backpack, sleeping bag (temperature "Extreme" up to minus 20-30 degrees). Personal repair kit (needles, threads). Electric flashlight Foam Group equipment: Special tent Light portable stove Saw, axes, shovels, cooking utensils, bucket (or pots ), ladle, cable First aid kit Ropes, candles, matches (in hermetic packaging), dry fuel. Have repair kits in stock to repair breakdowns! Daily routine, specifics of movement. A skier's daily routine on a hike depends on the length of daylight, frost and the need to spend more time setting up camp and getting ready in the morning (as opposed to hiking). At low temperatures, it is recommended to go out on the route no earlier than 9-10 o’clock in the morning, and also to reduce short rests. When moving on a finished ski track, the overall pace is determined by the speed of the slowest skier. Remember to avoid sudden jerks. Periodic overheating and cooling in the cold is dangerous to health. And along the route there will not always be conditions to change and dry clothes wet from sweat. When moving on virgin snow, the pace of the group is determined by the speed of laying the ski tracks. There are several options for laying the ski tracks. In a large group, it is advisable to select a team of strong tourists to track the ski tracks. Or organize alternate movement. While one group is resting, the other is laying a ski track. And then the rested tourists overtake their comrades, and they stop to rest. In areas with deep snow and heavy backpacks, alternate trailing without backpacks is used. And having broken the ski track, the tourist lets the group pass, returns for a backpack and catches up with his comrades. The order of movement on the ski slope should ensure the safety of the group and take into account the capabilities of each skier. The sequence of descent, the path is determined by the leader. On a large and closed descent, it is recommended to descend with intermediate stops and on several parallel ski tracks. Please remember that descents should be carried out only in places where there is a complete guarantee of avalanche safety. A feature of movement on a ski trip is that the path can be laid directly through frozen swamps and ponds. But if possible, you need to use a ready-made ski track or sled road. You can move along clearings, open forests and river beds. It is easier to go where the snow is less deep.

If you are going to ski trip, then remember that snow and low air temperatures await you. Therefore, the equipment should provide you with warmth and protection from hypothermia

Preparing for a ski trip

Be sure to take 1-3 pairs of felt boots with you, depending on the number of people in the group. Felt boots will be needed for kitchen and campfire work at a rest stop, and also as spare shoes in case of damage to ski boots. Their size should be designed for the largest foot in the group.

Have a set of ski waxes, paraffin for all types of winter weather (including thaw), plugs for rubbing them, grease for impregnating shoes and spare bindings. It is also recommended to take one or two spare skis with you.

For more complex ski trips, you will need a special (double-layer) tent and a portable stove.

Before going on a hike, treat your backpack, tent, clothes, and shoes with water-repellent agents to protect them from dirt and water. If the route goes through places where there are a lot of blood-sucking insects, then saturate your tent and clothes with repellents.

The shoes are soaked in grease and, if necessary, stretched over the leg. To do this, the boots need to be kept in hot water (50-55 degrees) for ten minutes. Having taken the boots out of the water, insert insoles into them and put them on your feet while hot (with one or two pairs of thick woolen socks). After walking around in the boots for an hour or two, they are removed, stuffed with paper and lubricated. Shoes are impregnated with slight heating.

For a ski trip, tourists must have the following:

Personal equipment:

Insulated padding polyester jacket (2 or 3 layers)

Trousers (light, windproof, durable), insulated pants.

Ski cap

Balaclava

Sweater (wool, polar)

Turtleneck or vest (woolen) – 2 pcs.

Thermal underwear

Hiking boots (hard sole, toe and heel, soaked in cream)

Woolen and cotton socks, 3-4 pairs each.

Windproof mask, handkerchief.

Ski boots with felt insoles inside. Two sizes larger than regular shoes.

"Flashlights" to protect boots.

Gloves, mittens.

Thermos 0.5-1 liter.

Toiletries.

Bowl, spoon, mug (see “Cutware for camping”).

Skis, poles.

Backpack, sleeping bag (Extreme temperature down to minus 20-30 degrees).

Personal repair kit (needles, threads).

Electric flashlight

Group equipment:

Special tent

Lightweight portable stove

Saw, axes, shovels, cooking utensils, bucket (or pans), ladle, rope

Ropes, candles, matches (in sealed packaging), dry fuel.

Keep repair kits in stock to repair breakdowns!

Daily routine, movement specifics

A skier's daily routine on a hike depends on the length of daylight, frost and the need to spend more time setting up camp and getting ready in the morning (unlike hiking). In low temperatures, it is recommended to go out on the route no earlier than 9-10 a.m., and also to reduce short rests.

When moving on a finished ski track, the overall pace is determined by the speed of the slowest skier. Remember to avoid sudden jerks. Periodic overheating and cooling in the cold is dangerous to health. And along the route there will not always be conditions to change and dry clothes wet from sweat. When moving on virgin snow, the pace of the group is determined by the speed of laying the ski tracks.

There are several options for laying ski tracks. In a large group, it is advisable to select a team of strong tourists to track the ski tracks. Or organize alternate movement. While one group is resting, the other is laying a ski track. And then the rested tourists overtake their comrades, and they stop to rest.

In areas with deep snow and heavy backpacks, alternate tracking without backpacks is used. And having broken through the ski track, the tourist lets the group pass, returns for a backpack and catches up with his comrades.

The order of movement on the ski slope must ensure the safety of the group and take into account the capabilities of each skier. The sequence of descent, the path is determined by the leader.

Please remember that descents should only be carried out in places where there is a complete guarantee of avalanche safety.

A special feature of the ski trip is that the path can be laid directly through frozen swamps and ponds. But if possible, you need to use a ready-made ski track or sled road. You can move along clearings, open forests and river beds. It is easier to go where the snow is less deep.

Attention! Avalanche danger and thin ice.

In winter, avalanche danger increases. Do not plan to cross concave landforms such as snow craters, avalanche chutes, under ridges with overhanging cornices and where there is a lot of snow in an unstable condition.

It is also prohibited to start moving through an avalanche-prone area during sudden warming or cold weather, a drop in pressure, during and in the first two days after a snowfall, blizzard, or rain.

Avoid crossing the slope and its longitudinal depressions. Move as fast as possible in the rockfall zone. Stay safe in the most dangerous areas. Do not make sharp turns or falls.

Also stay away from areas on bodies of water with thin ice, where running water flows in or out of a lake or river. Conduct a reconnaissance of an unknown body of water and determine its reliability for group movement by hitting the ice with sticks.

Meals on a ski trip.

Tourists spend more calories on ski trips than on foot. Since low temperatures, strong winds, snow and overcoming obstacles require a lot of strength and energy from the skier. Therefore, the diet of a ski tourist should be high-calorie; the correct ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a variety of foods, their vitamin content and the possibility of consuming some foods without cooking are especially important. The products should replenish the tourist’s energy costs from 3500 to 6000 kcal, depending on the complexity of the hike.

Where can you go skiing in winter?

In the Southern Urals, winter hikes to Taganay and Iremel, Zyuratkul and the Beloretsk region are especially loved by ski tourists.

To participate in a ski trip, you need to be well prepared. This preparation should provide reliable protection from the effects of hazardous environmental factors. These factors include short daylight hours, low air temperatures, deep snow, snowfall, blizzards, and piercing winds (Figure 15).

The main thing in preparing for ski trips is systematic training. These workouts improve health, increase endurance, and strengthen the body. They help the ski tourist learn how to choose the right clothes and skis, evaluate and distribute their strength

Scheme 15
Hazardous factors affecting the skier

Clothes and shoes for hiking should be light, warm, waterproof and not restrict movement. Usually this is an undershirt made of woolen fabric, a tightly knitted sweater, a windbreaker (a jacket with a hood and trousers), mittens and a woolen cap. Ski boots should have a felt insole and allow you to wear plain and wool socks at the same time.

Touring skis are needed for the hike. They are somewhat wider and shorter than running ones.

Tourists select individual and group equipment depending on the specific conditions of the trip. Group equipment may include a camp stove and fuel (for example, dry alcohol).

The speed of skiers usually does not exceed 3-4 km/h. The first to go along the laid ski track is the tourist who knows how to maintain the given pace of movement. The strongest skiers walk ahead on the virgin soil, replacing each other. The distance between tourists in clear weather should be 8-10 m, and in limited visibility - approximately 4 m.

Remember: Particular care must be taken when driving through a river, lake, stream, or swamp.

Water trips

Water trips are one of the most difficult types of tourism. They require high discipline and diligence, special knowledge, skills and abilities from participants.

Most often, light rowing vessels are used for water tourism: kayaks, catamarans, inflatable boats.

When hiking, you must follow the following safety rules:

documents and money should be placed in a waterproof bag, which should be kept with you;
matches, dry alcohol should be stored in plastic or metal containers with tightly screwed lids;
tents, bedding, spare clothes and linen, food should be in plastic bags;
lifebuoys must be ready for use, and life jackets must be worn by participants in the hike;
when boarding, you are not allowed to jump into the boat, you must enter it from the stern and immediately take your place;
on the route, the boat must be within visual and vocal communication distance from boats moving ahead and behind;
when moving, you should maintain silence: any cry on the water should mean only one thing - “We are in distress!”;
a place for an overnight stay or a long rest must meet the basic requirements specified in § 11; the shore should be convenient for mooring and disembarking.
Remember: you should not set up a camp on the island - the water may rise and flood it.

Bicycle trips

For cycling, it is advisable to choose local roads with asphalt or gravel-sand surfaces.

A tourist group usually includes 4-6 people. They must all be at least 14 years of age. Every cyclist must know and follow the Rules of the Road, be able to ride a bicycle well and keep it in good condition. It is very important to have safety features. This includes a helmet to protect the head, knee pads and gloves.

Road and sports bicycles are suitable for cycling tourism. Moreover, it is better to use sports ones on hard-surfaced roads (concrete and asphalt).

Cyclist clothing should be appropriate for the season and be comfortable for cycling. In case of cold weather, you should have a woolen sweater, woolen socks, gloves and a windbreaker.

The group equipment, in addition to the things needed on any hiking trip, should include a bicycle repair kit (keys, screwdrivers, rubber, glue, spare parts).

The speed of tourists on the route is usually 10-12 km/h. Sharp turns, especially on downhill slopes, should be driven at low speed. It is better to overcome long climbs on foot, with a bicycle nearby. Movement along the route must be completed 1-2 hours before dark.

Remember: If you need to move in the dark or in poor visibility (fog, haze), you need to get off the bike and walk as a pedestrian.

Questions and tasks

Name the dangerous factors of the natural environment that can affect a tourist skier.
What is the importance of training when preparing for ski trips?
Look at the picture and choose items of clothing and shoes that are suitable for a ski trip.
How are touring skis different from cross-country skis?
What places are the most dangerous for ski tourists?
Why, in your opinion, are water trips the most difficult and dangerous type of tourism?
Name the most important, from your point of view, safety rules for water tourism.
Which roads are most suitable for water tourism?
What safety equipment should a cyclist have?
Why do you think the speed of cyclists on the route should be approximately 10-12 km/h?
How should cyclists move in the dark and in poor visibility?

During a ski trip, a tourist spends a long time in the purest frosty air. Uniform muscular load, smooth gliding, the beauty of winter nature, a quick change of impressions, communication with a group of tourists - all this gives a great charge of positive emotions.
A tourist skier actively engages the muscles of his arms, legs, abdomen, and back. That's why ski trips- an excellent means of general physical training, which will help improve health, become stronger, more resilient, and hardened.
With good glide, even a novice skier can walk at a speed of 6 - 8 km/h without much difficulty.
However, it should be kept in mind that weekend ski trips are different from regular ones. ski trip, and preparation for them should be more thorough. During a winter hike, tourists are exposed to low temperatures for quite a long time (6 - 8 hours). The group’s path also passes through open areas of terrain not protected by forests, in strong winds, and through virgin snow. On the way you may encounter thickets of bushes, rough terrain, forest debris, and snowdrifts. Taking all this into account, you should choose travel gear and equipment.

Selecting and preparing skis for the trip

The main requirement for skis is strength and lightness. In conditions of one-day hikes, if the route also passes through flat or slightly rough terrain and dense snow, they are better suited touring skis with rigid bindings, with a bow that presses the boot welt against the metal pins. For forest routes and when driving on very rough terrain, on loose snow and off-road, it is better to have “Tourist” type skis; they are slightly wider than walking skis, much stronger and do not sink deep into fresh snow. To make it easy for a skier to control his movement in the forest and on rough terrain, the skis should not be too long.
Bindings are chosen depending on the hiking conditions and type of ski. On regular recreational skis it is better to use rigid welt bindings. They are light, comfortable and reliable. For multi-day difficult hikes, welted hard fastenings are not suitable. On such routes you should use semi-rigid universal fastenings with metal springs. The welt of the boot in such fastenings is fixed in the cheeks. Such fastenings allow you to go hiking in almost any shoe: ski boots, work boots, hiking boots, felt boots. To prevent snow from sticking under the heel of the boot, rubber pads are nailed to the cargo area of the skis, preferably made of microporous rubber 2 - 3 mm thick.
Ski poles better from duralumin tubes of the “Moscow” type.

Before going on a trip, skis must be tarred with a special resin. Tar prevents skis from swelling under the influence of moisture, strengthens the wood, and improves the bond of ointments with the ski.
In case your skis, bindings, or poles break, you need to learn how to repair them. To do this, the group must have repair tool kit, materials, spare parts: pliers, screwdriver, file, awl, light hammer, scissors, ski binding kit, pole rings, spare ski, plywood, aluminum, tin plates for pads, copper and steel wire, nails, screws, keeper tape .

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